Power-subsystem-monitoring-based graphics processing system

ABSTRACT

A power-subsystem-monitoring-based computing system includes a power subsystem coupled to a first computing component. A throttling engine throttles the first computing component when the power subsystem exceeds its maximum power consumption, and de-throttles the first computing component when the power subsystem no longer exceeds its maximum power consumption. The throttling engine also throttles the first computing component when the power subsystem exceeds its rated power consumption for a first time period, and de-throttles the first computing component when the power subsystem no longer exceeds its rated power consumption. The throttling engine also reduces the operating capabilities of the first computing component when throttling has been performed for more than a second time period, and increases the operating capabilities of the first computing component when the throttling has been performed for less than the second time period and the first computing component is operating below its desired operating capability.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to information handlingsystems, and more particularly to processing graphics via an informationhandling system based on the monitoring of a power subsystem thatprovides power to the information handling system.

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individualsand businesses seek additional ways to process and store information.One option available to users is information handling systems. Aninformation handling system generally processes, compiles, stores,and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or otherpurposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of theinformation. Because technology and information handling needs andrequirements vary between different users or applications, informationhandling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled,how the information is handled, how much information is processed,stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the informationmay be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in informationhandling systems allow for information handling systems to be general orconfigured for a specific user or specific use such as financialtransaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage,or global communications. In addition, information handling systems mayinclude a variety of hardware and software components that may beconfigured to process, store, and communicate information and mayinclude one or more computer systems, data storage systems, andnetworking systems.

Information handling systems such as, for example, desktop computingdevices, laptop/notebook computing devices, and/or other computingdevices known in the art, include power subsystems that provide thepower that allows those computing devices to operate. For example,computing devices often utilize power adapters that couple the computingdevice to a power source (e.g., a wall outlet), and power adapters are“rated” based on their ability to provide particular characteristics ofpower (e.g., wattage, current, etc.) to computing devices. As such,computing devices must be utilized with properly rated power adaptersthat are configured to provide the power characteristics that thecomputing device needs in order to operate properly. The provisioning ofpower adapters with computing devices can raise a number of issues.

There are often particular computing device configurations and/orworkloads that, when run on the computing device, can exceed the ratingof particular power adapters. For example, higher performance graphicsprocessing systems can cause relatively large spikes in powerconsumption by computing devices. Often, relatively lower rated poweradapters will provide for the proper operation of a majority of thecomputing device configurations and/or a majority of the workloadsexpected to run on a computing device, while a few computing deviceconfigurations and/or workloads (e.g., graphics-intensive workloads)will exceed the rating of those relatively lower rated power adapters.Conventionally, the relatively higher rated power adapters are providedwith computing devices if their computing device configurations and/orany of their possible workloads are known to exceed the rating of therelatively lower rated power adapters (e.g., a computing device thatincludes the high performance graphics processing system discussed abovewould be provided with the relatively higher rated power adapter.) Theneed to provide these relatively higher rated power adapters withcomputing devices based on their worst-case power loading conditions isundesirable, as the relatively higher rated power adapters arephysically much larger than the relatively lower rated power adapters,and are associated with significant cost increases as well.

Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide for the ability to userelatively lower rated power adapters with computing devices that havecomputing device configurations and/or that may perform occasionalworkloads that can cause the computing device to exceed the rating ofthose relatively low rated power adapters.

SUMMARY

According to one embodiment, an Information Handling System (IHS)includes a processing system; and a memory system that is coupled to theprocessing system and that includes instructions that, when executed bythe processing system, cause the processing system to provide athrottling engine that is configured to: activate a first throttling ofa Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) that is coupled to the processingsystem when a power subsystem that powers the GPU exceeds a powersubsystem maximum power consumption, and deactivate the first throttlingof the GPU when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the powersubsystem maximum power consumption; activate a second throttling of theGPU when the power subsystem exceeds a power subsystem rated powerconsumption for a first time period, and deactivate the secondthrottling of the GPU when the power subsystem no longer exceeds thepower subsystem rated power consumption; and reduce the operatingcapabilities of the GPU when the second throttling has been performedfor more than a second time period, and increase the operatingcapabilities of the GPU when the second throttling has been performedfor less than the second time period and the GPU is operating below aGPU predetermined operating capability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of an informationhandling system.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a computingdevice.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a throttlingengine that may be included in the computing device of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating an experimental embodiment ofcomponents in the computing device of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a first method forproviding power subsystem monitoring-based graphics processing.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a second method forproviding power subsystem monitoring-based graphics processing.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a third method forproviding power subsystem monitoring-based graphics processing.

FIG. 8 is a chart illustrating the power usage of the computing deviceutilizing the systems and methods of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For purposes of this disclosure, an information handling system mayinclude any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operableto compute, calculate, determine, classify, process, transmit, receive,retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, communicate, manifest,detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form of information,intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, or otherpurposes. For example, an information handling system may be a personalcomputer (e.g., desktop or laptop), tablet computer, mobile device(e.g., personal digital assistant (PDA) or smart phone), server (e.g.,blade server or rack server), a network storage device, or any othersuitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality,and price. The information handling system may include random accessmemory (RAM), one or more processing resources such as a centralprocessing unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic, ROM, and/orother types of nonvolatile memory. Additional components of theinformation handling system may include one or more disk drives, one ormore network ports for communicating with external devices as well asvarious input and output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse,touchscreen and/or a video display. The information handling system mayalso include one or more buses operable to transmit communicationsbetween the various hardware components.

In one embodiment, IHS 100, FIG. 1, includes a processor 102, which isconnected to a bus 104. Bus 104 serves as a connection between processor102 and other components of IHS 100. An input device 106 is coupled toprocessor 102 to provide input to processor 102. Examples of inputdevices may include keyboards, touchscreens, pointing devices such asmouses, trackballs, and trackpads, and/or a variety of other inputdevices known in the art. Programs and data are stored on a mass storagedevice 108, which is coupled to processor 102. Examples of mass storagedevices may include hard discs, optical disks, magneto-optical discs,solid-state storage devices, and/or a variety other mass storage devicesknown in the art. IHS 100 further includes a display 110, which iscoupled to processor 102 by a video controller 112. A system memory 114is coupled to processor 102 to provide the processor with fast storageto facilitate execution of computer programs by processor 102. Examplesof system memory may include random access memory (RAM) devices such asdynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), solid state memorydevices, and/or a variety of other memory devices known in the art. Inan embodiment, a chassis 116 houses some or all of the components of IHS100. It should be understood that other buses and intermediate circuitscan be deployed between the components described above and processor 102to facilitate interconnection between the components and the processor102.

Referring now to FIG. 2, an embodiment of a computing device 200 isillustrated that may be the IHS 100 discussed above with reference toFIG. 1, and/or may include some or all of the components of the IHS 100.In the illustrated embodiment, the computing device 200 includes achassis 202 that houses the components of the computing device 200, onlysome of which are illustrated in FIG. 2. For example, the chassis 202may house a processing system (not illustrated, but which may includethe processor 102 discussed above with reference to FIG. 1) and memorysystem (not illustrated, but which may include the memory 114 discussedabove with reference to FIG. 1) that is coupled to the processing systemand that includes instructions that, when executed by the processingsystem, cause the processing system to provide a throttling engine 204that is configured to perform the functions of the throttling enginesand computing devices discussed herein. As illustrated and described inthe different examples below, the throttling engine 204 may be providedby a variety of combinations of firmware, hardware, and/or softwarewhile remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

The chassis 202 may also house a power subsystem 206 that is coupled tothe throttling engine 204 (e.g., via a coupling between the powersubsystem 206 and the processing system discussed above) and that mayinclude power supply unit(s), battery subsystem(s), power connector(s),and/or any other power subsystem components or configurations that wouldbe apparent to one of skill in the art in possession of the presentdisclosure. In many of the examples discussed below, the power subsystemincludes a power adapter (e.g., that is coupled to a power connector onthe computing device 200 and to a power source via a wall outlet) thatis rated for particular power characteristics, but one of skill in theart in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that abattery subsystem rated for particular power characteristics, and/orother power subsystem components rated for particular powercharacteristics but capable of variable peak power capacity will benefitfrom the teachings of the present disclosure and thus are envisioned asfalling within its scope.

The chassis 202 may house a first computing component and a secondcomputing component that are each coupled to the throttling engine 204(e.g., via a coupling(s) between those components and the processingsystem). In the illustrated embodiment, the first computing component isprovided by a graphics processing system 208 (e.g., a dedicated GraphicsProcessing Unit (GPU)) while the second computing component is providedby a central processing system 210 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit(CPU)). As discussed below, the graphics processing system 208/centralprocessing system 210 configuration in the illustrated embodimentprovides an example of power-subsystem-monitoring-based graphicsprocessing that enables high performance graphics processing systems(e.g., a gaming GPU) to be utilized with traditionally undersized powersubsystems (e.g., relatively low rated power adapters). However,relatively high power consumption components may be substituted for thegraphics processing system 208 and/or the central processing system 210(e.g., a large monitor or other display device) while remaining withinthe scope of the present disclosure as well. While a specific computingdevice has been illustrated and described, one of skill in the art inpossession of the present disclosure will recognize that computingdevices may include a variety of components and/or componentconfigurations in order to provide conventional computing devicefunctionality, as well as the functionality discussed below, whileremaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a specific embodiment of a throttling engine300 is illustrated that may be provided as the throttling engine 204discussed above with reference to FIG. 2. One of skill in the art inpossession of the present disclosure will recognize that the embodimentof the throttling engine 300 illustrated in FIG. 3 provides a high-levelview of a throttling engine provided, in part, by an embeddedcontroller, and may be adapted to operate as discussed below utilizing avariety of embedded controllers known in the art. In the illustratedembodiment, the throttling engine 300 includes a power subsystem 302that is configured to provide 19.5 volts of direct power, and that iscoupled between a ground connection 304 and a shunt resistor 306, alongwith a system load 307 that is coupled between the ground connection 304and the shunt resistor 306 and that may represent power draw orconsumption by components in the computing device 200. A differenceamplifier 308 is coupled in parallel to the shunt resister 306 and isprovided by the configuration of the ground connection, resisters, andamplifier illustrated in FIG. 3. A binary overcurrent sense/comparator310 is coupled to the difference amplifier 308 and is provided by theconfiguration of the ground connection, resister, and amplifierillustrated in FIG. 3.

In the illustrated embodiment, an embedded controller 312 includes acoupling 314 to the output of the amplifier in the difference amplifier308 that provides an analog-to-digital sense for absolute currentreadings, a coupling 316 to the output of the amplifier in the binaryovercurrent sense/comparator 310 that provides a binary overcurrentoutput, and a coupling 318 to the negative input of the amplifier in thebinary overcurrent sense/comparator 310 that provides an adjustablereference digital-to-analog input that allows for the accommodation of avariety of power adapter limits. An input 320 to the embedded controller312 may provide for the reading of a Power Supply Identifier (PSID) froma power adapter. Furthermore, an output 322 from the embedded controller312 may provide for the sending of an interrupt signal for CPU hardwarethrottling, an output 324 from the embedded controller 312 may providefor the sending of an interrupt signal for GPU hardware throttling, andan output 326 from the embedded controller 312 may provide for I₂Ccommunications with a host (e.g., in conjunction with an ApplicationProgramming Interface (API) provided for software-based Thermal DesignPower (TDP) changes.) One of skill in the art in possession of thepresent disclosure will recognize that the configuration of thethrottling engine 300 provides for the reading of real-time current outfrom the power subsystem 302 by the embedded controller 312. While aspecific throttling engine 300 has been described, one of skill in theart in possession of the present disclosure will recognize thatthrottling engines may be provided with different components and/orcomponent configurations for providing the functionality discussed belowwhile remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 4, an experimental embodiment 400 of components ofthe computing device 200 of FIG. 2 is illustrated. The experimentalembodiment 400 includes an external power supply 402 that may be part ofthe power subsystem 206 of FIG. 2 and, as discussed herein, includes apower adapter. The external power supply 402 is configured to provide19.5 volts of direct power through a shunt resister 404 that is coupledin parallel to the inputs on an amplifier 406, with the shunt resister404/amplifier 406 configured to perform the functionality of thedifference amplifier 308 discussed above with reference to FIG. 3. Theoutput on the amplifier 406 provides a voltage sense signal 408 to aProgrammable System on a Chip (PSoC) 410 that, in the experimentalembodiment, was provided by a CY8C4124LQI-5432 PSoC® available fromCYPRESS® Semiconductor of San Jose, Calif., United States, and thatincluded a 24 MhZ ARM M0 microcontroller, 16 Kb flash memory, 4 Kb SRAM,2×I₂C outputs, 1×ADC12 output, and 5×5 mm QFN32 outputs. The PSoC 410 inthe experimental embodiment output a VREF signal 412, received anADC_REF signal 414, and was capable of a 1M sample/second ADC.Furthermore, a programmable 416 provides an input to the PSoC 410 thatmay be used, for example, to program/reprogram the PSoC 410/firmware,modify algorithms used by the PSoC 410 (e.g., when doing labcharacterizations), and/or other uses that would be apparent to one ofskill in the art in possession of the present disclosure.

The experimental embodiment 400 also includes a Super Input/Output (SIO)chip 418 that is coupled to the PSoC 410 via an I2C_SIO coupling 420 andan INT_SIO coupling 422, while also including a PSID input 424 forreceiving a PSID from a power adapter that is part of the external powersupply 402. Communications between the PSoC 410 and SIO chip 418 utilizea PSoC-to-EC API that enables sharing of information such as, forexample, system configuration details, desired TDP states, etc. In anembodiment, the PSoC 410 and the SIO chip 418 are configured to performthe functions of the binary overcurrent sense/comparator 310 andembedded controller 312 of FIG. 3. The experimental embodiment 400 alsoincludes a Platform Controller Hub (PCH) 426 that is coupled to the PSoC410 via an I2C_PCH coupling 428 and an INT_PCH coupling 430, while alsobeing coupled to the SIO chip 418 by an LPC coupling 432. Theexperimental embodiment 400 also includes a CPU 434 that is coupled tothe PCH 426, and a GPU 438 that is coupled to the PCH 426. The PSoC 410is coupled to the CPU 434 by a PROC_HOT coupling 436, and is coupled tothe GPU 438 by a GPU_PCC coupling 440.

As discussed in further detail below, the experimental embodiment 400was utilized in a computing device including a 330 W power adapter, a150 W GPU, and a 65 W CPU, and one of skill in the art in possession ofthe present disclosure will recognize how the components and/orcomponent configurations illustrated in FIG. 4 may change based on thedesired implementation while remaining within the scope of the presentdisclosure. For example, a relatively large display device (e.g., a 27″Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)) may require a power adapter and/or powersubsystem that may be utilized similarly to the power subsystem 206described herein.

Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6, and 7, a plurality of respective controlmethods 500, 600, and 700 are illustrated that may be performed by thethrottling engine and/or computing device of the present disclosure. Asdiscussed below, the systems and methods of the present disclosureprovide for real-time, constant, and accurate monitoring of system levelpower consumption, and acts on that system level power consumption viahardware-based throttling to quickly react to power excursions (e.g.,power consumption over a maximum available power level, powerconsumption over a rated power level for a predetermined time period,etc.) that would otherwise cause shutdown of the power subsystem, whilealso utilizing software to adjust component operation so that thehardware-based throttling does not impact the user experience more thannecessary. The systems and methods of the present disclosure allowpreviously unsupported computing device configurations to be provided,while allowing relatively lower rated power subsystems to be utilizedwith computing devices that include computing device configurationsand/or that are expected to execute workloads that may occasionallyexceed the power capabilities of those power subsystems.

Referring first to FIG. 5, the method 500 begins at block 502 where amaximum power draw by the power subsystem is monitored. In anembodiment, at or prior to block 502, the throttling engine 204 mayoperate to characterize the power subsystem 206 and determine powercharacteristics such as, for example, the power subsystem maximum powerlimit discussed below. For example, with reference to the throttlingengine 300 of FIG. 3, at or prior to block 502, the embedded controller312 may utilize the input 320 to determine a PSID of a power adapterthat is included in the power subsystem 206 (e.g., coupled to each of apower connector on the computing device 200 and a power source via awall outlet), and then use that PSID to perform a database lookup of thepower characteristics of that power adapter such as, for example, apower adapter maximum current limit. With reference to the experimentalembodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at or prior to block 502, the SIOchip 418 may receive a PSID (e.g., from a power adapter that is part ofthe external power supply 402) via the PSID input 424, and use that PSIDto perform a database lookup of the power characteristics of that poweradapter. In one particular example of the experimental embodiment 400, a330 W power adapter was utilized that included a power adapter maximumcurrent limit of 25 A. In addition to characterizing the power subsystem206, at or prior to block 502, characteristics of the computing device200, any of its components, and/or its configuration may be determinedand utilized when performing throttling according to the method 500.

As would be understood by one of skill in the art in possession of thepresent disclosure, Alternating Current (AC) power adapters may be ratedat a thermal (indefinite) load, and for brief periods of time may becapable of delivering power that exceeded that thermal load.Furthermore, components such as graphics processing systems are alsoknown to exceed their power rating/expected power consumption by 2-3×for relatively short periods of time. Power adapter manufacturers andother providers may provide computing device manufacturers with datathat details the power characteristics of their power adapter, and thecomputing device manufacturer may link each of those power adapters(e.g., via their PSIDs) to their power characteristics in a database.For example, experimental embodiments of 180 W power adapters designedto operate at 19.5V and 9.23 A have been found to allow a maximumcurrent consumption that exceeds 13 A for 10 ms, 16 A for 1 ms, and 16.5A for 500 μs; experimental embodiments of 240 W power adapters designedto operate at 19.5V and 12.3 A have been found to allow a maximumcurrent consumption that exceeds 17.5 A for 10 ms, 19.5 A for 1 ms, and20 A for 500 μs; and experimental embodiments of 330 W power adaptersdesigned to operate at 19.5V and 16.9 A have been found to allow amaximum current consumption that exceeds 26.5 A for 10 ms, 28 A for 5mx,29 A for 1 ms, and 29.5 A for 500 μs. As discussed below, the systemsand methods of the present disclosure allow for the safe and reliableoperation in these higher current regions for brief periods of time.

At block 502, the throttling engine 204 operates to monitor the maximumpower draw via the power subsystem 206. For example, with reference tothe throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at block 502, the differenceamplifier 308 and the binary overcurrent sense/comparator 310 monitorand report the power drawn via the power subsystem 302 to the embeddedcontroller 312 via the couplings 314, 316, and/or 318, and the embeddedcontroller 312 monitors the maximum power draw via the power subsystem302. With reference to the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated inFIG. 4, at block 502 the external power supply 402 is configured toprovide 19.5V of direct current, while the shunt resistor 404 and theamplifier 406 provide the voltage sense signal 408 to the PSoC 410 thatallows the PSoC 410 to monitor the maximum current draw via the externalpower supply 402. However, while a few specific examples have beenprovided, one of skill in the art in possession of the presentdisclosure will recognize that a wide variety of maximum power drawcharacteristics may be monitored at block 502 while remaining within thescope of the present disclosure.

The monitoring of the maximum power draw via the power subsystem may beenabled by the throttling engine 204, the embedded controller 312,and/or the PSoC 410 utilizing a relatively high sampling rate that isconfigured to identify power spikes that occur over relatively shorttime periods. For example, in experimental embodiments, an ADC utilizedin the system was configured to sample at one million samples persecond, with the data utilized by the method 500 as discussed herein. Ithas been found that the use of such high sampling rates allows for lessconservative throttling algorithms, providing users of the computingdevice with a better user experience when throttling the operation ofcomponents to prevent power adapter shutdown. Furthermore, one of skillin the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize thatthe method 400 performs at even higher speeds due to the use of ahardware comparator with direct access to the GPU_PCC pin.

The method 500 then proceeds to decision block 504 where it isdetermined whether the maximum power draw is greater than the powersubsystem maximum power limit. In an embodiment, at decision block 504,the throttling engine 204 determines whether the maximum power draw viathe power subsystem 206 exceeds a power subsystem maximum power limitassociated with the power subsystem 206 (e.g., retrieved via the PSIDdatabase lookup as discussed above.) For example, with reference to thethrottling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at decision block 504 the embeddedcontroller 312 may compare a power being drawn via the power subsystem302 to a power subsystem maximum current limit determined during thepower subsystem characterization discussed above. With reference to theexperimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 502 the PSoC410 may compare a current being drawn via the external power supply 402to a power subsystem maximum current limit determined during the powersubsystem characterization discussed above. The determination atdecision block 504 may include a hysteresis amount (e.g., adetermination may be made as to whether the current being drawn isgreater than the power subsystem maximum current limit minus thehysteresis amount (e.g., 0.2 A)) in order to provide for smootheroperation of the system. If, at decision block 504, it is determinedthat the maximum power draw is not greater than the power subsystemmaximum power limit, the method 500 returns to block 502 to monitor themaximum power draw via the power subsystem substantially as discussedabove.

If, at decision block 504, it is determined that the maximum power drawis greater than the power subsystem maximum power limit, the method 500then proceeds to block 506 where graphics processing system throttlingis activated. In an embodiment, at block 506 and in response todetermining that a maximum power has been drawn via the power subsystem206 that is greater than a power subsystem maximum power limit, thethrottling engine 204 may operate to activate throttling of the graphicsprocessing system 208. For example, with reference to the throttlingengine 300 of FIG. 3, at block 506 the embedded controller 312 mayutilize the output 324 to send an interrupt signal for GPU hardwarethrottling. With reference to the experimental embodiment 400illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 506 the PSoC 410 may utilize the GPU_PCCcoupling 440 to send a signal that causes throttling of the GPU 438. Inthe experimental embodiment 400, it was found that the GPU_PCC coupling440 (which was a GPU PCC pin provided on a GPU available from AdvancedMicro Devices (AMD®) of Sunnyvale, Calif., United States) allowed forthe assertion of the throttling signal almost instantaneously(experimental embodiments required a time of approximately 38nanoseconds to see results of assertion of the throttling signal via theGPU PCC pin), and caused an associated modification of the GPU thatresulted in the current draw via the power adapter to begin reducingwithin 10 μs of assertion.

In one specific example, execution of a particular workload via the GPUwas found to produce a spike in the current drawn via the power adapterthat was approximately 900 μs long, and with a consistent 60 μs surgemidway through the spike that peaked in the 31-36 A range, which at apower of 12 volts produced a power draw equivalent of 432 W for 60 μs.In conventional systems, such a peak power consumption would require apower adapter capable of 440 W. However, utilizing the teachings of thepresent disclosure, with the throttling signal asserted on the GPU PCCpin to the GPU based on a 20 A maximum power adapter current limit forthe power adapter, the current draw spike of 36 A was reduced to 20.5 A.Furthermore, this reduction of current draw spike via the power adapterwas associated in only a 1.1% decrease in benchmark GPU performancescores by the GPU.

The method 500 then proceeds to decision block 508 where it isdetermined whether the maximum power draw is greater than the powersubsystem maximum power limit in substantially the same manner asdescribed above with reference to decision block 504. If, at decisionblock 508, it is determined that the maximum power draw is greater thanthe power subsystem maximum power limit, the method 500 loops backthrough decision block 508 to determine whether the maximum power drawis greater than the power subsystem maximum power limit. As such, themethod 500 provides for graphics processing system throttling (as perblock 506) until the maximum power draw via the power subsystem is belowits power subsystem maximum power limit.

If, at decision block 508, it is determined that the maximum power drawis not greater than the power subsystem maximum power limit, the method500 then proceeds to block 510 where graphics processing systemthrottling is deactivated. In an embodiment, at block 510 and inresponse to determining that the power being drawn via the powersubsystem 206 is no longer greater than a power subsystem maximum powerlimit (i.e., due to the GPU throttling at block 506), the throttlingengine 204 may operate to deactivate throttling of the graphicsprocessing system 208. For example, with reference to the throttlingengine 300 of FIG. 3, at block 506 the embedded controller 312 may stopasserting the interrupt signal via the output 324 in order to deactivatethe GPU hardware throttling. With reference to the experimentalembodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 506 the PSoC 410 may stopasserting the interrupt signal via the GPU_PCC coupling 440 to stop thethrottling of the GPU 438. In the experimental embodiment 400, it wasfound that assertion of the throttling signal on the GPU PCC pintypically caused a reduction of the current consumption of the poweradapter to a level that is below the power adapter maximum current limitwithin 100 μs.

The method 500 then returns to block 502 to monitor the maximum powerdraw by the power subsystem substantially as discussed above. Thus, themethod 500 provides for the use of a hardware feedback loop (e.g., via ahardware comparator) to assert a hardware throttling signal (e.g., by aPSoC or embedded controller via the GPU PCC pin) whenever a “hardceiling” maximum current limit of a power adapter is exceeded. Suchpower adapter maximum current limits may be detectable (e.g., using thePSID) and programmable such that they differ based on what power adapteris present in the system. As such, for a 330 W power adapter with apower adapter rated current of 16.9 A-25 A, the method 500 allows thecomputing device to draw power up to the 25 A maximum current limitwithout the risk of power adapter shutdown. Due to the possibility ofsystem shutdown if the power subsystem is allowed to exceed its powersubsystem maximum current limit, the method 500 may be performedindependently of the methods 600 and 700 discussed below in order toensure that the computing device does not shut down due to the powersubsystem maximum current limit being exceeded.

In the experimental embodiment discussed above, asserting hardwarethrottling of the GPU via the GPU PCC pin provided for the reduction of24 A, 12V power spikes down to 12 A in 80 μs 100% of the time, anddeassertion of the hardware throttling of the GPU via the GPU PCC pinallowed the GPU to return to peak performance in 80 μs as well, withramp up/ramp down beginning in 5-10 μs. With shorter duration assertionsof the GPU PCC pin (e.g., less than 1 ms), the GPU performance changewas almost negligible based on GPU performance benchmarks, while worstcase 10% duty cycle assertions of the GPU PCC pin over longer durations(e.g., greater than 1 ms) were found to reduce frame rates byapproximately 5%.

Referring now to FIG. 6, the method 600 begins at block 602 where apower draw of the power subsystem is monitored. In an embodiment, at orprior to block 602, the throttling engine 204 may operate tocharacterize the power subsystem 206 and determine power characteristicssuch as, for example, the power subsystem rated power range discussedbelow. For example, with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG.3, at or prior to block 602 the embedded controller 312 may utilize theinput 320 to determine a PSID of a power adapter that is included in thepower subsystem 206 (e.g., coupled to each of a power connector on thecomputing device 200 and a power source via a wall outlet), and then usethat PSID to perform a database lookup of the power characteristics ofthat power adapter such as, for example, a power adapter rated currentrange. With reference to the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated inFIG. 4, at or prior to block 602 the SIO chip 418 may receive a PSIDfrom a power adapter that is part of the external power supply 402 viathe PSID input 424, and use that PSID to perform a database lookup ofthe power characteristics of that power adapter. In one particularexample of the experimental embodiment 400, a 330 W power adapter wasutilized that included a power adapter rated current range of 16.9 A-25A. In addition to characterizing the power subsystem 206, at or prior toblock 602, characteristics of the computing device 200, any of itscomponents, and/or its configuration may be determined and utilized whenperforming throttling according to the method 600.

At block 602, the throttling engine 204 operates to monitor the powerdraw via the power subsystem 206. For example, with reference to thethrottling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at block 602, the difference amplifier308 and the binary overcurrent sense/comparator 310 monitor and reportthe power drawn via the power subsystem 302 to the embedded controller312 via the couplings 314, 316, and/or 318, and the embedded controller312 monitors the power draw via the power subsystem 302. With referenceto the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 602the external power supply 402 provides 19.5V of direct current, whichresults in the shunt resistor 404 and the amplifier 406 providing thevoltage sense signal 408 to the PSoC 410 that allows the PSoC 410 tomonitor the current consumption via the external power supply 402.However, while a few specific examples have been provided, one of skillin the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that awide variety of power consumption characteristics may be monitored atblock 602 while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure

The method 600 then proceeds to decision block 604 where it isdetermined whether the power subsystem has exceeded its power subsystemrating for a first time period. In an embodiment, at decision block 604,the throttling engine 204 determines whether the power subsystem 206 hasexceeded its power subsystem rating (e.g., retrieved via the PSIDdatabase lookup as discussed above) for a first time period. Forexample, with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, atdecision block 604 the embedded controller 312 may determine whenever apower being drawn via the power subsystem 302 has exceeded a powersubsystem rating by entering into a power subsystem rated current rangedetermined during the power subsystem characterization discussed above,and then determine whether power has been drawn in that power subsystemrated current range for a first time period. With reference to theexperimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 604 the PSoC410 may determine a current being drawn via the external power supply402 exceeds its power subsystem rating by entering a power subsystemrated current range (e.g., 16.9 A-25 A in the example above) determinedduring the power subsystem characterization discussed above, andremained in that power subsystem rated current range for 7 milliseconds(ms). While a specific first time period has been provided, one of skillin the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize thatthe first time period may be selected based on a variety of factors thatwill fall within the scope of the present disclosure. If, at decisionblock 604, it is determined that the power draw is not greater than thepower subsystem rating, the method 600 returns to block 602 to monitorthe power draw via the power subsystem substantially as discussed above

If, at decision block 604, it is determined that the power subsystem hasexceeded its power subsystem rating for the first time period, themethod 600 then proceeds to block 606 where graphics processing systemthrottling is activated. In an embodiment, at block 606 and in responseto determining that power has been drawn via the power subsystem 206such that the power subsystem has exceeded its power subsystem ratingfor the first time period, the throttling engine 204 may operate toactivate throttling of the graphics processing system 208. For example,with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at block 606 theembedded controller 312 may utilize the output 324 to send an interruptsignal for GPU hardware throttling. With reference to the experimentalembodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 606 the PSoC 410 mayutilize the GPU_PCC coupling 440 to send a signal that causes throttlingof the GPU 438. Similarly as discussed above, in the experimentalembodiment 400, it was found that the GPU_PCC coupling 440 (which was aGPU PCC pin provided on a GPU available from Advanced Micro Devices(AMD®) of Sunnyvale, Calif., United States) allowed for the assertion ofthe throttling signal almost instantaneously (experimental embodimentsfound time of approximately 38 nanoseconds to assert the throttlingsignal via the GPU PCC pin), and caused an associated modification ofthe GPU that resulted in the current draw via the power adapter to beginreducing within 10 microseconds (μs) of assertion.

As such, the throttling engine 204, embedded controller 312, and/or thePSoC 410 may utilize a feedback loop with a timer to determine whetherpower drawn by the system has caused the power subsystem 206, powersubsystem 302, or external power supply 402 to exceed its powersubsystem rating for some time period (e.g., 7 ms in the example above)and, in response, throttle the operation of the graphics processingsystem 208 or GPU 438. Thus, the feedback loop/timer along withprecision current monitoring (e.g., via the ADC_REF signal 414) may beconfigured to allow power consumption spikes that are greater than thepower subsystem rating (e.g., the power adapter thermal rating) but lessthan the power subsystem maximum power (e.g., the power adapter maximumcurrent draw), and that are less than 7 ms in length, before throttlingthe GPU.

The method 600 then proceeds to decision block 608 where it isdetermined whether the power subsystem has exceeded its power subsystemrating for a second time period. In an embodiment, at decision block608, the throttling engine 204 determines whether the power subsystem206 has exceeded its power subsystem rating (e.g., retrieved via thePSID database lookup as discussed above) for a second time period thatimmediately follows the first time period. For example, with referenceto the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at decision block 606 theembedded controller 312 may determine whenever a power being drawn viathe power subsystem 302 has exceeded a power subsystem rating byentering into a power subsystem rated current range determined duringthe power subsystem characterization discussed above, and then determinewhether power has been drawn in that power subsystem rated current rangefor a second time period that immediately follows the first time period.With reference to the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4,at block 604 the PSoC 410 may determine a current being drawn via theexternal power supply 402 has exceeded its power subsystem rating byentering a power subsystem rated current range (e.g., 16.9 A-25 A in theexample above) determined during the power subsystem characterizationdiscussed above, and remained in that power subsystem rated currentrange for 1 ms immediately following the 7 ms that resulted in the GPUthrottling at block 604. While a specific second time period has beenprovided, one of skill in the art in possession of the presentdisclosure will recognize that the second time period may be selectedbased on a variety of factors that will fall within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

If, at decision block 608, it is determined that the power subsystem hasnot exceeded its power subsystem rating for the second time period, themethod 600 then proceeds to block 610 where graphics processing systemthrottling is deactivated. In an embodiment, at block 610 and inresponse to determining that the power subsystem has not exceeded itspower subsystem rating for the second time period (i.e., due to the GPUthrottling at block 606), the throttling engine 204 may operate todeactivate throttling of the graphics processing system 208. Forexample, with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at block610 the embedded controller 312 may stop asserting the interrupt signalvia the output 324 in order to deactivate the GPU hardware throttling.With reference to the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4,at block 610 the PSoC 410 may stop asserting the interrupt signal viathe GPU_PCC coupling 440 to stop the throttling of the GPU 438.Similarly as discussed above, in the experimental embodiment 400, it wasfound that assertion of the throttling signal on the GPU PCC pintypically caused a reduction of the current consumption via the poweradapter to a level that is below the power adapter rated current rangewithin 100 μs.

The method 600 then proceeds to block 612 where running average powerlimit reduction operations are performed. In an embodiment, at block612, the throttling engine 204 may operate to determine whether thepower subsystem 206 is operating at a high average power draw (e.g.,e.g., an average power draw that is relatively high within the powersubsystem rated power range) and, if so, work to reduce the power drawvia the power subsystem 206 until the average power draw of the powersubsystem 206 is reduced to a desired level. For example, to reduceaverage power draw, a current average power draw may be regularlycomputed over a time period (e.g., 1 second), and then subsequentaverage power draws going forward may then be “tuned” by reducing apower trip point for the method 500 by a weighted value that isproportional to the amount by which the power trip point was exceeded(e.g., if the current power draw exceeds 330 W for 1 s, the method 500may begin tripping at 320 W, and so on, and if the average power drawdoes not drop, the method 500 may continue to reduce the power trippoint to 310 W, 300 W, etc., until the average power draw comes in linewith a desired average power draw.) One of skill in the art inpossession of the present disclosure will recognize that entering intothe method 500 more often impacts the method 500 counter performed bythe method 600, thereby triggering the method 600, and providing a neteffect of a rapid decrease in power consumption. The method 600 thenreturns to block 602 to monitor the power draw by the power subsystemsubstantially as discussed above.

If, at decision block 608, it is determined that the power subsystem hasexceeded its power subsystem rating for the second time period, themethod 600 then proceeds to block 614 where central processing systemthrottling is activated. In an embodiment, at block 614 and in responseto determining that the power subsystem continues to exceed its powersubsystem rating for the second time period (i.e., despite to the GPUthrottling at block 606), the throttling engine 204 may operate toactivate throttling of the central processing system 208. For example,with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at block 614 theembedded controller 312 may assert an interrupt signal via the output322 in order to activate the CPU hardware throttling. With reference tothe experimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 614 thePSoC 410 may assert the interrupt signal via the PROC_HOT coupling 436to activate throttling of the CPU 434.

As discussed above, in the experimental embodiment 400, it was foundthat assertion of the throttling signal on the GPU PCC pin typicallycaused a reduction of the current consumption via the power adapter to alevel that is below the power adapter rated current range within 100 μs.Thus, the CPU throttling performed at block 614 was not required in mostcases, and is only expected to be utilized in extreme power consumptionscenarios. However, in such extreme scenarios when GPU throttling cannotreduce power consumption below the power adapter rated current range,CPU throttling allows a large reduction in the power consumption. SuchCPU throttling requires a 2-3 ms response time, and the effects of CPUthrottling will likely be noticeable to the user of the computingdevice, so the system may be configured such that the performance ofblock 614 is a relatively rare occurrence.

The method 600 then proceeds to decision block 616 where it isdetermined whether the power subsystem continues to exceed its powersubsystem rating. In an embodiment, at decision block 616, thethrottling engine 204 determines whether the power subsystem 206continues to exceed its power subsystem rating following the activationof the throttling of the central processing system 210. For example,with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at decision block616 the embedded controller 312 may determine whenever a power beingdrawn via the power subsystem 302 continues to exceed the powersubsystem rating by remaining in the power subsystem rated current rangesubsequent to the throttling of the CPU. With reference to theexperimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 616 the PSoC410 may determine a current being drawn via the external power supply402 continues to exceed its power subsystem rating by remaining in thepower subsystem rated current range (e.g., 16.9 A-25 A in the exampleabove) subsequent to the throttling of the CPU 434.

If, at decision block 616, it is determined that the power subsystemcontinues to exceed its power subsystem rating, the method 600 loopsback through decision block 616 to determine whether the power subsystemcontinues to exceed its power subsystem rating. As such, the method 600provides for central processing system throttling (as per block 614)until the power subsystem no longer exceeds its power subsystem rating.If, at decision block 616, it is determined that the power subsystem nolonger exceeds its power subsystem rating, the method 600 then proceedsto block 618 where central processing system throttling is deactivated.In an embodiment, at block 618 and in response to determining that thepower subsystem no longer exceeds its power subsystem rating (i.e., dueto the CPU throttling at block 614), the throttling engine 204 mayoperate to deactivate throttling of the central processing system 208.For example, with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, atblock 618 the embedded controller 312 may stop asserting the interruptsignal via the output 322 in order to deactivate the CPU hardwarethrottling. With reference to the experimental embodiment 400illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 618 the PSoC 410 may stop asserting theinterrupt signal via the PROC_HOT coupling 436 to stop the throttling ofthe CPU 434.

Thus, the method 600 provides for the drawing of power via the poweradapter above its rated power for short periods of time, allowing forthe use of that power adapter with a system that produces transientpower consumption spikes that would typically require a relativelyhigher rated power adapter. When the power consumption spikes result ina power draw via the power adapter that is above its rated power formore than a first time period (e.g., 7 ms), the GPU may be throttled toensure that the power adapter does not shut down, while if powercontinues to be drawn via the power adapter that is above its ratedpower subsequent to the GPU throttling, the CPU may be throttled toensure that the power adapter does not shut down.

Referring now to FIG. 8, a chart 800 illustrates the power usage of acomputing device during the methods 500 and 600 discussed above. Thechart 800 includes power drawn (in watts) on the Y-axis, and time (inmilliseconds) on the X-axis, with a power adapter maximum power limit802 of approximately 460 watts, and a power adapter rated power amount804 of approximately 380 watts. A measured power consumption 806illustrates how power consumed may exceed the power adapter rated poweramount 804 at time 0 ms, and increase up to the power adapter maximumpower limit 802 at time 2.5 ms. In response, at time 2.5 ms, the method500 will cause the GPU throttling to activate, which quickly reduces thepower consumed to below the power adapter maximum power limit 802. Themeasured power consumption 806 then illustrates how the power consumedmay continue to remain above the power adapter rated power amount 804until time 7 ms, at which time the method 600 will cause the GPU and/orCPU throttling to activate in order to reduce the power consumed tobelow the power adapter rated power amount 804.

Referring now to FIG. 7, the method 700 begins at block 702 where athrottling residency in one or more throttling states is monitored. Inan embodiment, at block 702, the throttling engine 204 operates tomonitor the how often throttling is activated according to the methods500 and/or 600 to determine how often the system is subject tothrottling (i.e., the “throttling residency” of the system.) Forexample, with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at block702, the embedded controller 312 may monitors how long and/or how oftenan interrupt signal is asserted via the output 324 to throttle the GPU324 and/or how long and/or how often an interrupt signal is asserted viathe output 322 to throttle the CPU 322. With reference to theexperimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 702 the PSoC410 may monitor how long and/or how often a signal is sent via theGPU_PCC coupling 440 to the GPU 438, and/or how long and/or how often asignal is sent via the PROC_HOT coupling 436 to the CPU 434. However,while a few specific examples have been provided, one of skill in theart in possession of the present disclosure will recognize thatthrottling residency may be monitored in a variety of ways at block 702while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

The method 700 then proceeds to decision block 704 where it isdetermined whether the throttling residency is higher than a limit. Inan embodiment, at decision block 704, the throttling engine 204 operatesto determine whether throttling has been activated more than apredetermined number of times in a predetermined time period accordingto the methods 500 and/or 600 to determine the throttling residency ofthe system is higher than a limit. For example, with reference to thethrottling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at decision block 704, the embeddedcontroller 312 may determine whether an interrupt signal has beenasserted via the output 324 to throttle the GPU 324 more than apredetermined number of times in a predetermined time period, and/orwhether an interrupt signal has been asserted via the output 322 tothrottle the CPU 322 more than a predetermined number of times in apredetermined time period. With reference to the experimental embodiment400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at decision block 704 the PSoC 410 maydetermine whether a signal have been sent via the GPU_PCC coupling 440to the GPU 438 more than a predetermined number of times in apredetermined time period (e.g., more than 10 times in 1 second.)However, while a few specific examples have been provided, one of skillin the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize thatthe determination of whether throttling residency is higher than a limitmay be performed in a variety of ways at decision block 704 whileremaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

If, at decision block 704, it is determined that the throttlingresidency is higher than the limit, the method 700 then proceeds todecision block 706 where it is determined whether a central processingsystem is operating above a minimum level. In an embodiment, at decisionblock 706, the throttling engine 204 operates to identify the currentoperating level of the central processing system 210, and determinewhether that current operating level is above a minimum operating levelfor the central processing system 210. For example, with reference tothe throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at decision block 706, the embeddedcontroller 312 may access registers in the CPU to identify the currentoperating level of the CPU, and then determine whether that currentoperating level is above the minimum operating level of the CPU. Withreference to the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, atdecision block 706 the PSoC 410 may access registers in the CPU 434(e.g., via the SIO chip 418 and/or the PCH 426) to identify the currentoperating level of the CPU 434, and determine whether that currentoperating level is above a minimum operating level of the CPU 434.However, while a few specific examples have been provided, one of skillin the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize thatthe determination of a current operating level of a CPU, and whetherthat current operating level is above a minimum operating level, may beperformed in a variety of manners while remaining within the scope ofthe present disclosure.

If, at decision block 706, it is determined that the central processingsystem is operating above the minimum level, the method 700 thenproceeds to block 708 where central processing system operation isreduced. In an embodiment, at block 708, the throttling engine 204operates to reduce the operating level of the central processing system210. For example, with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3,at decision block 706, the embedded controller 312 may access and modifyregisters in the CPU to change the current operating level of the CPU(e.g., to instruct the CPU to operate at a lower performance state,power consumption, etc.) With reference to the experimental embodiment400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at decision block 706 the PSoC 410 may accessand modify registers in the CPU 434 (e.g., via the SIO chip 418 and/orthe PCH 426) to change the current operating level of the CPU 434 (e.g.,to instruct the CPU to operate at a lower performance state, powerconsumption, etc.). However, while a few specific examples have beenprovided, one of skill in the art in possession of the presentdisclosure will recognize that changing the operating level of a CPU maybe performed in a variety of manners while remaining within the scope ofthe present disclosure. The method 700 then returns to block 702 wherethe throttling residency in the one or more throttling states ismonitored substantially as described above.

If, at decision block 706, it is determined that the central processingsystem is not operating above the minimum level, the method 700 thenproceeds to decision block 710 where it is determined whether thegraphics processing system is operating above a minimum level. In anembodiment, at decision block 710, the throttling engine 204 operates toidentify the current operating level of the graphics processing system208, and determine whether that current operating level is above aminimum operating level for the graphics processing system 208. Forexample, with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, atdecision block 710, the embedded controller 312 may access registers inthe GPU to identify the current operating level of the GPU, and thendetermine whether that current operating level is above the minimumoperating level of the GPU. With reference to the experimentalembodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at decision block 710 the PSoC 410may access registers in the GPU 428 (e.g., via the SIO chip 418 and/orthe PCH 426) to identify the current operating level of the GPU 438, anddetermine whether that current operating level is above a minimumoperating level of the GPU 438. However, while a few specific exampleshave been provided, one of skill in the art in possession of the presentdisclosure will recognize that the determination of a current operatinglevel of a GPU, and whether that current operating level is above aminimum operating level, may be performed in a variety of manners whileremaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

If, at decision block 710, it is determined that the graphics processingsystem is not operating above the minimum level, the method 700 thenreturns to block 702 where the throttling residency in the one or morethrottling states is monitored substantially as described above. If, atdecision block 710, it is determined that the graphics processing systemis operating above the minimum level, the method 700 then proceeds toblock 712 where graphics processing system operation is reduced. In anembodiment, at block 712, the throttling engine 204 operates to reducethe operating level of the graphics processing system 208. For example,with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at block 712, theembedded controller 312 may access and modify registers in the GPU tochange the current operating level of the GPU (e.g., to instruct the GPUto operate at a lower performance state, power consumption, etc.) Withreference to the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, atblock 712 the PSoC 410 may access and modify registers in the GPU 438(e.g., via the SIO chip 418 and/or the PCH 426) to change the currentoperating level of the GPU 438 (e.g., to instruct the GPU to operate ata lower performance state, power consumption, etc.). However, while afew specific examples have been provided, one of skill in the art inpossession of the present disclosure will recognize that changing theoperating level of a GPU may be performed in a variety of manners whileremaining within the scope of the present disclosure. The method 700then returns to block 702 where the throttling residency in the one ormore throttling states is monitored substantially as described above.

Thus, in response to determining that the throttling residency is higherthan a limit at decision block 704, the method 700 proceeds throughblocks 706, 708, 710, and 712 to first reduce the operation of thecentral processing system/CPU until it is operating at a minimum level,and the reduce the operation of the graphics processing system/GPU untilit is operating at a minimum level. As such, in a specific embodiment,when the performance of the methods 500 and/or 600 result in arelatively high level of throttling, the CPU operation may first bereduced to allow the GPU to continue to operate at a high operatinglevel while hopefully reducing the amount of throttling, followed by thereduction of the operation of the GPU in order to reduce the amount ofthrottling, which may be particularly beneficial on high performancegraphics systems utilizing relatively low rated power adapters.

If, at decision block 704, it is determined that the throttlingresidency is not higher than the limit, the method 700 then proceeds todecision block 714 where it is determined whether a graphics processingsystem is operating below a desired level. In an embodiment, at decisionblock 714, the throttling engine 204 operates to identify the currentoperating level of the graphics processing system 208, and determinewhether that current operating level is below a desired operating levelfor the graphics processing system 208. For example, with reference tothe throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at decision block 710, the embeddedcontroller 312 may access registers in the GPU to identify the currentoperating level of the GPU, and then determine whether that currentoperating level is below a desired operating level of the GPU (e.g., anominal operating level, a preferred operating level set by the user,etc.). With reference to the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated inFIG. 4, at decision block 710 the PSoC 410 may access registers in theGPU 428 (e.g., via the SIO chip 418 and/or the PCH 426) to identify thecurrent operating level of the GPU 438, and determine whether thatcurrent operating level is below a desired operating level of the GPU438 (e.g., a nominal operating level, a preferred operating level set bythe user, etc.). As discussed above, while a few specific examples havebeen provided, one of skill in the art in possession of the presentdisclosure will recognize that the determination of a current operatinglevel of a GPU, and whether that current operating level is below adesired operating level, may be performed in a variety of manners whileremaining within the scope of the present disclosure

If, at decision block 714, it is determined that the graphics processingsystem is operating below the desired level, the method 700 thenproceeds to block 716 where graphics processing system operation isincreased. In an embodiment, at block 716, the throttling engine 204operates to increase the operating level of the graphics processingsystem 208. For example, with reference to the throttling engine 300 ofFIG. 3, at block 712, the embedded controller 312 may access and modifyregisters in the GPU to change the current operating level of the GPU(e.g., to instruct the GPU to operate at a higher performance state,power consumption, etc.) With reference to the experimental embodiment400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at block 712 the PSoC 410 may access andmodify registers in the GPU 438 (e.g., via the SIO chip 418 and/or thePCH 426) to change the current operating level of the GPU 438 (e.g., toinstruct the GPU to operate at a higher performance state, powerconsumption, etc.). However, while a few specific examples have beenprovided, one of skill in the art in possession of the presentdisclosure will recognize that changing the operating level of a GPU maybe performed in a variety of manners while remaining within the scope ofthe present disclosure. The method 700 then returns to block 702 wherethe throttling residency in the one or more throttling states ismonitored substantially as described above.

If, at decision block 714, it is determined that the graphics processingsystem is not operating below the desired level, the method 700 thenproceeds to decision block 718 where it is determined whether thecentral processing system is operating below a desired level. In anembodiment, at decision block 718, the throttling engine 204 operates toidentify the current operating level of the central processing system210, and determine whether that current operating level is below adesired operating level for the central processing system 210. Forexample, with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, atdecision block 718, the embedded controller 312 may access registers inthe CPU to identify the current operating level of the CPU, and thendetermine whether that current operating level is below a desiredoperating level of the CPU (e.g., a nominal operating level, a preferredoperating level set by the user, etc.). With reference to theexperimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, at decision block 718the PSoC 410 may access registers in the CPU 434 (e.g., via the SIO chip418 and/or the PCH 426) to identify the current operating level of theCPU 434, and determine whether that current operating level is below adesired operating level of the CPU 434 (e.g., a nominal operating level,a preferred operating level set by the user, etc.). However, while a fewspecific examples have been provided, one of skill in the art inpossession of the present disclosure will recognize that thedetermination of a current operating level of a CPU, and whether thatcurrent operating level is below a desired operating level, may beperformed in a variety of manners while remaining within the scope ofthe present disclosure

If, at decision block 718, it is determined that the central processingsystem is not operating below the desired level, the method 700 thenreturns to block 702 where the throttling residency in the one or morethrottling states is monitored substantially as described above. If, atdecision block 718, it is determined that the central processing systemis operating below the desired level, the method 700 then proceeds toblock 710 where central processing system operation is increased. In anembodiment, at block 720, the throttling engine 204 operates to increasethe operating level of the central processing system 210. For example,with reference to the throttling engine 300 of FIG. 3, at block 720, theembedded controller 312 may access and modify registers in the CPU tochange the current operating level of the CPU (e.g., to instruct the CPUto operate at a higher performance state, power consumption, etc.) Withreference to the experimental embodiment 400 illustrated in FIG. 4, atblock 720 the PSoC 410 may access and modify registers in the CPU 434(e.g., via the SIO chip 418 and/or the PCH 426) to change the currentoperating level of the CPU 434 (e.g., to instruct the CPU to operate ata higher performance state, power consumption, etc.). However, while afew specific examples have been provided, one of skill in the art inpossession of the present disclosure will recognize that changing theoperating level of a CPU may be performed in a variety of manners whileremaining within the scope of the present disclosure. The method 700then returns to block 702 where the throttling residency in the one ormore throttling states is monitored substantially as described above.

Thus, in response to determining that the throttling residency is nothigher than a limit at decision block 704, the method 700 proceedsthrough blocks 714, 716, 718, and 720 to first increase the operation ofthe graphics processing system/GPU (if it is operating below a desiredlevel) until it is operating at its desired level, and then increase theoperation of the central processing system/CPU (if it is operating belowa desired level) until it is operating at its desired level. As such, ina specific embodiment, when the performance of the methods 500 and/or600 result in a relatively high level of throttling, the CPU operationand/or GPU operation may be reduced, and when the throttling decreasesbelow a limit, the operation of the GPU is first increased back to itsdesired level, followed by increasing the operation of the CPU back toits desired level, which may be particularly beneficial on highperformance graphics systems utilizing relatively low rated poweradapters. In addition, if the method 700 indicates that throttling isbeing performed too seldom, the GPU and/or CPU may have their operationincreased over the desired level to provide further performanceincreases.

Thus, systems and methods have been described that provide forreal-time, constant, and accurate monitoring of system level powerconsumption, and the performance of hardware-based throttling based onthat power consumption monitoring to quickly react to power excursions(e.g., power consumption over a maximum available power level, powerconsumption over a rated power level for a predetermined time period,etc.) that would otherwise cause shutdown of the power subsystem. Thesystems and methods of the present disclosure also utilize software toadjust component operation so that the hardware-based throttling doesnot impact the user experience more than necessary, reducing theoperating level of components when the throttling is performed more thana desired frequency. As discussed above, the systems and methods of thepresent disclosure allow previously unsupported computing deviceconfigurations to be provided, while allowing relatively lower ratedpower subsystems to be utilized with computing devices that includecomputing device configurations and/or that are expected to executeworkloads that may occasionally exceed the power capabilities of thosepower subsystems.

Although illustrative embodiments have been shown and described, a widerange of modification, change and substitution is contemplated in theforegoing disclosure and in some instances, some features of theembodiments may be employed without a corresponding use of otherfeatures. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims beconstrued broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of theembodiments disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A power-subsystem-monitoring-based computing system, comprising: a power subsystem; a first computing component that is coupled to the power subsystem; and a throttling engine that is coupled to the power subsystem and the first computing component, wherein the throttling engine is configured to: activate a first throttling of the first computing component when the power subsystem exceeds a power subsystem maximum power consumption, and deactivate the first throttling of the first computing component when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem maximum power consumption; activate a second throttling of the first computing component when the power subsystem exceeds a power subsystem rated power consumption for a first time period, and deactivate the second throttling of the first computing component when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption; and reduce the operating capabilities of the first computing component when the second throttling has been performed for more than a second time period, and increase the operating capabilities of the first computing component when the second throttling has been performed for less than the second time period and the first computing component is operating below a first computing component predetermined operating capability.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first computing component is a graphics processing system.
 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a second computing component that is coupled to the power subsystem and the throttling engine, wherein the throttling engine is configured to: activate a third throttling of the second computing component when the power subsystem exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption for a second time period immediately following the first time period, and deactivate the third throttling of the second computing component when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the throttling engine is configured to: reduce the operating capabilities of the second computing component when the second throttling has been performed for more than a second time period, wherein the operating capabilities of the first computing component are reduced when the second throttling has been performed for more than the second time period and the operating capabilities of the second computing component have been reduced to a minimum level; and increase the operating capabilities of the second computing component when the second throttling has been performed for less than the second time period, the first computing component is operating at the first computing component predetermined operating capability, and the second computing component is operating below a second computing component predetermined operating capability.
 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the second computing component is a central processing system.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the throttling engine is configured to: characterize the power subsystem and determine the power subsystem maximum power consumption and the power subsystem rated power consumption.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the power subsystem is a power adapter.
 8. An Information Handling System (IHS), comprising: a processing system; and a memory system that is coupled to the processing system and that includes instructions that, when executed by the processing system, cause the processing system to provide a throttling engine that is configured to: activate a first throttling of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) that is coupled to the processing system when a power subsystem that powers the GPU exceeds a power subsystem maximum power consumption, and deactivate the first throttling of the GPU when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem maximum power consumption; activate a second throttling of the GPU when the power subsystem exceeds a power subsystem rated power consumption for a first time period, and deactivate the second throttling of the GPU when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption; and reduce the operating capabilities of the GPU when the second throttling has been performed for more than a second time period, and increase the operating capabilities of the GPU when the second throttling has been performed for less than the second time period and the GPU is operating below a GPU predetermined operating capability.
 9. The IHS of claim 8, wherein the throttling engine is configured to: activate a third throttling of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) that is coupled to the processing system when the power subsystem exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption for a second time period immediately following the first time period, and deactivate the third throttling of the CPU when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption.
 10. The IHS of claim 9, wherein the throttling engine is configured to: reduce the operating capabilities of the CPU when the second throttling has been performed for more than a second time period, wherein the operating capabilities of the GPU are reduced when the second throttling has been performed for more than the second time period and the operating capabilities of the CPU have been reduced to a minimum level; and increase the operating capabilities of the CPU when the second throttling has been performed for less than the second time period, the GPU is operating at the GPU predetermined operating capability, and the CPU is operating below a CPU predetermined operating capability.
 11. The IHS of claim 10, wherein the throttling engine is configured to: characterize the power subsystem and determine the power subsystem maximum power consumption and the power subsystem rated power consumption.
 12. The IHS of claim 8, wherein the power subsystem is a power adapter.
 13. The IHS of claim 8, wherein the power subsystem is a battery.
 14. A method for providing power-subsystem-monitoring-based computing, comprising: activating, by a throttling subsystem, a first throttling of a first computing component when a power subsystem that powers the first computing component exceeds a power subsystem maximum power consumption, and deactivating the first throttling of the first computing component when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem maximum power consumption; activating, by the throttling subsystem, a second throttling of the first computing component when the power subsystem exceeds a power subsystem rated power consumption for a first time period, and deactivating the second throttling of the first computing component when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption; and reducing, by the throttling subsystem, the operating capabilities of the first computing component when the second throttling has been performed for more than a second time period, and increasing the operating capabilities of the first computing component when the second throttling has been performed for less than the second time period and the first computing component is operating below a first computing component predetermined operating capability.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first computing component is a graphics processing system.
 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising: activating, by the throttling subsystem, a third throttling of a second computing component when the power subsystem that powers the second computing component exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption for a second time period immediately following the first time period, and deactivating the third throttling of the second computing component when the power subsystem no longer exceeds the power subsystem rated power consumption.
 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: reducing, by the throttling subsystem, the operating capabilities of the second computing component when the second throttling has been performed for more than a second time period, wherein the operating capabilities of the first computing component are reduced when the second throttling has been performed for more than the second time period and the operating capabilities of the second computing component have been reduced to a minimum level; and increasing, by the throttling subsystem, the operating capabilities of the second computing component when the second throttling has been performed for less than the second time period, the first computing component is operating at the first computing component predetermined operating capability, and the second computing component is operating below a second computing component predetermined operating capability
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the second computing component is a central processing system.
 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising: characterizing, by the throttling subsystem, the power subsystem and determining the power subsystem maximum power consumption and the power subsystem rated power consumption.
 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the power subsystem is a power adapter. 